SteamOS
While SteamOS is based on Arch, installing software isn’t the same, due to the immutable root filesystem.
For Polychromatic, you can install the Flatpak version. See the Flatpak page for details.
OpenRazer
Installation is tricky, but possible! You may need to repeat these steps after SteamOS updates.
This blog post is willing to provide up-to-date instructions on installing the driver required to use this software: